“ Mistakes may be defined as deficiencies or failures in the judgmental and/or inferential processes involved in the selection of an objective or in the specification of the means to achieve it.” (Reason, 1990).Įxecution errors correspond to the Skill based level of Rasmussen’s levels of performance (Rasmussen 1986), while planning errors correspond to the Rule and Knowledge-based levels (see Figure 1)įigure 1: execution and planning failures adapted from Rasmussen Slips and Lapses Category 2 - A person intends to carry out an action, does so correctly, the action is inappropriate, and the desired goal is not achieved - A planning failure has occurred.Lapses are more internal events and generally involve failures of memory. Slips relate to observable actions and are commonly associated with attentional or perceptual failures. They result from failures in the execution and/or storage stage of an action sequence. Execution errors are called Slips and Lapses. Category 1 - A person intends to carry out an action, the action is appropriate, carries it out incorrectly, and the desired goal is not achieved.DescriptionĪctions by human operators can fail to achieve their goal in two different ways: The actions can go as planned, but the plan can be inadequate, or the plan can be satisfactory, but the performance can still be deficient (Hollnagel, 1993).Įrrors can be broadly distinguished in two categories: They are categorized according to the cognitive processes involved towards the goal of the action and according to whether they are related to planning or execution of the activity. Errors are the result of actions that fail to generate the intended outcomes.
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